Analysis Of Tao Qian ( Tao Yuanming ) - 1516 Words

I choose topic five to talk about Tao Qian (Tao Yuanming). The main concept â€Å"when the mind is far, its place becomes remote† describes the remarkable feelings which are still affecting how people value fame and wealth today. By analyzing two poems written by Tao, â€Å"Returning to dwell in gardens and fields I† and â€Å"Drinking wine â… ¤Ã¢â‚¬ , we can have a better insight into his mind, his experience and how he has achieved this state of mind in his poetry. First, I will introduce the poem â€Å"Returning to dwell in gardens and fieldsâ…  Ã¢â‚¬ . The first sentence â€Å"My youth felt no comfort in common things, by my nature I clung to the mountains and hills† opens the gate with recounting the past, claiming that he has disgusted the secular officialdom and loved the almighty nature since he was young. Therefore, this sentence reflects the poet would not get in cahoots with the secular noble. The second sentence â€Å"I erred and fell in the snares of dust and was away thirteen years in all† implies that the poet regretted about the past and deeply introspected his career. Thirty years represents a very long time and by saying this, the sentence reflects that is too late to regret. The third sentence â€Å"The caged bird yearns for its former woods, fish in a pool yearns for long ago deeps† uses metaphor to make a vivid image to readers. Fish in the pool and birds in the cage are all yearning for freedom, lik e the poet yearns for Mother Nature instead of officialdom. What he wants is just freedom, as we all

Organizational Change And Culture Aurora Fane - 1129 Words

Organizational Change and Culture Aurora Fane Union County College March 8, 2017 Organizational Change and Culture Organizational culture is defined as values, beliefs, and expectations that keep organizations together and also influence employees. Culture varies from organization to organization and that is what sets them apart from one another. As an employee, a company’s culture should play a major part when deciding if the organization is a good fit for you. If management is transparent with their employees and there is a clear understanding of what the company’s culture is, and what is expected of everyone, it will have a positive impact on employees. There can also be disadvantages in organizational culture and†¦show more content†¦When the company is facing barriers, employees that are not accepting of the culture need to be dealt with individually, whether it be through additional training or termination (Faucheaux, 2009; Johnson, 2013). I personally experienced a change in culture eight years ago when the company I worked for was bought out by a Fortune 500 compan y. When I was first hired it was a small â€Å"mom and pop† company where there was no culture or values. I am in the business of packaging oil, shortening, and margarine, and it was not until the transition was completed that employees were made aware of the dangers we were facing on a daily basis. Picture a warehouse where there are production lines filling bottles with oil, racks stacked with thousands of pounds of oil, forklifts driving around the production area, and shipping docks. Further, imagine employees walking freely throughout the warehouse without any personal protective equipment. There were risks all around us and we did not realize that at any given moment someone could have been hit with a forklift, or have a pallet of oil fall from above injuring someone, and at the same time creating a slip hazard. We were very lucky that no one was hurt. The very first thing the company did was to educate and train every employee in the warehouse and office on safety. It was made clear that no one was permitted to enter the warehouse without a bump cap, safety glasses, and slip resistant boots. Eventually,

Changing Business Environment Toyota

Question: Discuss about theChanging Business Environment for Toyota. Answer: Introduction: The following report is going to analyse the changing business environment in China. The report encompasses the business case study of Toyota. Business environment constitutes of the technological factors, leadership factors, business strategies and the human resource factors. These are the internal business environments that provide the bbu8sinmess organisational success. On the other hand there are external factors of the business environments as well. The external business environment refers to the government policies that affect the business process of an organisation of a country. External business environment also comprises of the legal issues the economic condition of a country or a particular place that puts its impact upon the business organisations. According to the scholar, overall market and production procedure depends on how the organisations adopt the internal and external factors. The chosen case study deals with the change of the business environment in order to bring change in the operations process. Since, no company can change the external business environment, the internal environments need to be focused and change should be brought in need (Prajogo, 2016). Briefing of the Company: The history of Toyota dates back to 1800s. Sakichi Toyoda, who belonged from a remote community outside Nagoya has laid the foundation stone on the company. He started by assisting his father in carpentry. He has special interest in making wooden spinning machines. The capacity of Sakichi Toyoda could be seen since his young age. In the year, 1894, he manufactured manual looms that were cheaper than the looms that were available normally. The idea of innovation was also installed in Sakichi Toyoda. To ease the difficulty of his mother and grandmother, he innovated the power-driven wooden looms. He further worked on the looms to give rise to more sophisticated looms. The innovation of Sakichi Toyoda is not only about developing new things but also save energy and wastage. He invented a mechanism that will stop a loom the moment a thread will be broken. Thus, Sakichi Toyoda was able to make his presence felt with the art of loom making. His son, Kiichiro Toyoda, further carried out the legacy of Sakichi Toyoda. The idea of Just-In-Time was the brainchild of Kiichiro Toyoda. The idea of Kiichiro Toyoda has inspired many other automobile companies and one of them is Ford. The main idea of Kiichiro Toyoda was inspired by the retail market of the United States. The supermarkets of the United States replaced the products the moment the customers bought the products. Toyota is one of the largest car manufacturing companies in the world. It does not only manufactures and designs the cars other vehicles for the middle class customers but also offers the customers luxurious vehicles with high price. The production season of Toyota has been categorised into different segments:- the peak season of car production as well as the lean season of the car production. The production process depends on the market demand. However, analysis of proper market demand entails the requirement of the operations such as supply chain, production, design, marketing and sales. Manufacturing and launching new brands needs the market zeal so as to create market opportunity to different market segment. The market segment has different phases according to the availability of cars and service feedback. In most of the cases, Toyota has sought after the change in the business environment in order to improve the mode of business operations. Toyota, the Japanese automobiles manufacturer has adopted different change strategies so as to confirm the adoption (Woo Song, 2013) Production System: Toyota has developed Toyota Production System after the World War II the effect of World War was quite severe in the production method and business policies of the organisation. The company started with business inventory method and the flow of the business comprised of the entire invention of the cars and the model designing of the vehicles. China as a global market and global manufacturing nation has now emerged as one of the most important market and manufacturing sectors in the world. After the industrial boom in the 90s and the early years of the 21st century, china has been at the top rated list (Santoro, 2015). Toyota has planned the manufacturing process in such a manner so that they can serve the customers when the need is high. They started manufacturing trucks after world war II as they were needed to build Japan. Initially, they faced issues due to the downturn of the economy but the company gradually gained momentum after the conditions got better. The company faced further issues as the economy was not stable. Due to inflation, the situation of Toyota worsened. They started various cost-cutting policies. The included voluntary cut in the pay for the managers and 10% cut in the pay for all the employees in the organization. In addition to this, they have asked 1600 workers to retire voluntary. The sudden cost cutting in the organization has started many issues among the employees and the company has witnessed public demonstration among workers. The business of Toyota has evolved a great deal mainly because of its intelligent production system. They produce a number of similar vehicles in the same assembly lin. It not only helps them to satisfy the customers but also helps them to keep lead times short and keep the production flexible. Thus, if they keep the production in the same assembly line, they are able to adhere to the needs and wants of the customers and change things easily. The production cost will also be lowered as there would not be much change in the operations. They have thought of lowering the waste. They aim at mass production so that the amount of waste for each unit will be lowered. The total production system adopted by Toyota has stopped the notion that if a machine is not working then it is not making money. Another motto of Toyota is to be the best. When they are building the total production system, they have thought of giving the best to the customer and appointed the best workers. They are not falling behind as far as the innovation is concerned. They ask their employees to solve the problems themselves so that they will be able to solve more difficult issues themselves. The employees of Toyota are involved in engineering, sales and service, maintain human resource and do accounting so that they are able to satisfy the customers. Change Environment Factors in China: The change in the business environment has recently been recognised in the beginning of the twenty first century. Since most of the internal environment factors are highly cognitive and controllable, the organisations in the Chinese industries of different aspect have been trying hard to bring the required change while creating the space for the operations. New research from China European International Business School exposes that most of the foreign companies established in China have been adapting new business environments in the internal operations. As per the annual business survey in China by CEIBS, Chinese business environment has been highly impacted by more than 440 foreign companies (Lu et al., 2014). One of the notable changes in the Chinese business environment has been the hike of labour cost. Though the country enjoyed excessive cheap labour over the years, the growing cost of labour has affected the entire process of production in manufacturing industries and service in the tertiary sector. Inspite of the recent slump, UBS has forecast that Chinese economy would grow by a striking 7.8 % in 2016. Being the economic giant in the world business, China has adopted several changes in the form of the economy and inter- organisational performances. The economic realities adapted by the Chinese industrialists have been highly effective in the business process strategic planning. Challenges of Changing Business Environment in China: Though the changes have been welcomed by the Chinese businessmen as wel as the industrialists in different levels, there are few challenges that need to be faced and resolved during the business process. Rise in the labour cost has initially caused effective change in the production. So far the automobiles and vehicle manufacturing is concerned, the changing business economy and labour market has restricted free flow production in the Chinese industry. After the global economic crisis in 2008-2009, China has developed its own economic system in order to ease the business circumstances. This has led the country to the growth of 7% increase in its economy. The advanced market oriented economy by the government of China has facilitated millions of worker thus encouraging the involvement of competent employees. It has also geared up the entire process of production. After 2009, the companies have exploited the abundance of the labours and it has also accelerated the agility of production and market performance. After 2007, Chinese the Chinese GDP grew up to 6%. This has been the proof of the positive business change in Chinese market. Accomplish of the Change: The change accounted in the business of the Chinese market has also caused the business level growth that has been positive in the recent years. On the other hand the process of the Chinese market and manufacturing industry have been adapting the newest changed thus reflecting their mode of performance the companies want to practice. The case study has been helpful in the total business management. Conclusion: Change in the business management has been helpful in understanding two of the greater aspects- the financial change management and human resource development management. Both of these business tasks have been highly affected by the change in the external environment in the country. Reference: Lu, J., Lu, C., Yu, C. S., Yao, J. E. (2014). Exploring factors associated with wireless internet via mobile technology acceptance in Mainland China.Communications of the IIMA,3(1), 9. Prajogo, D. I. (2016). The strategic fit between innovation strategies and business environment in delivering business performance.International Journal of Production Economics,171, 241-249. Santoro, M. A. (2015).China 2020: How western business canand shouldinfluence social and political change in the coming decade. Cornell University Press. The Business Environment of China: Challenges of an Emerging Economic Superpower. (2017). Stanford Graduate School of Business. Retrieved 1 May 2017, from https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/faculty-research/case-studies/business-environment-china-challenges-emerging-economic-superpower Woo, W. T., Song, L. (2013).China's dilemma: economic growth, the environment and climate change(p. 428). ANU Press.

Movie Theaters vs. Movies at Home free essay sample

Movie Theaters vs. Movies At Home Movie theaters can be a fun thing to do with friends and family, but staying home and watching a movie can be just as great. Americans last year spent an average of $9. 87 billion on tickets alone. Americans who stayed home saved a lot of money, were more comfortable, and probably had just as good of a time. First of all, the financial aspects of going out to the movies are the most appalling factor when you consider the facts. On average, a person will go the movies twelve times a year with a friend or family member totaling over eight hundred dollars or more. The person who stays home to see a movie for an easy eight dollars a month with Netflix also saves time and aggravation, as well as a considerable amount of gas money. Theatres also charge an excessive amount of money for snacks and sodas which could easily be prepared at home for a fraction of the price. We will write a custom essay sample on Movie Theaters vs. Movies at Home or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sodas and popcorn, on a national average, are three to five dollars for a soda, four to six dollars for popcorn and three to five dollars for candy. Financially, going to the movies compared to sitting at home and watching a movie isnt even fair. Netflix offers streaming movies whenever you want, for eight dollars a month. DVDs and Blurays are also offered to be mailed within one business day. Netflix boasts over 100,000 titles most available instantly on your television, computer, or gaming console as long as you want, and as many times as you want. I feel that going out to have a good time is essential in life, but money saved is money earned. Secondly, comfort is defined as a feeling of relaxation, which I cannot see being a big part of going to a theatre. Americans who choose to stay home were definitely more comfortable lying on the sofa in their underwear, since you can’t do that at the theater. You can enjoy a movie in the comfort of your own home without having to worry about the gross surroundings and bothersome people. The theater seats are uncomfortable and I don’t like sitting on a seat that has gum or candy stuck to it. The floors are sticky from all the spilled drinks. People in the theater are inconsiderate of others; always talking, cell phones ringing and parents paying no mind to their children running up and down the aisles. I must say being stuffed in a germ filled hole with one-hundred or more other people is not my idea of comfort. Finally, going to the movies can sometimes be more fun than sitting at home watching movies. Not a lot of movie goers can afford to buy the huge fancy home theater systems. They prefer to spend the extra money to go see the new action packed horror movie that is best seen on a huge screen with surround sound. The surround sound makes the movies more intense causing you to jump into your neighbors lap when the boogeyman jumps out of the bushes. I always have found it to be amusing watching other people get scared at nothing. You can’t usually get these effects at home unless you save all the money you would be spending at the theater, and purchased your own home theater system. I don’t understand why so many people spend so much money on going to the movies, when it saves a lot of money just staying home. I go to the movie theater occasionally to see a few of the smashing box office releases, but other than that, I just prefer to stay at home and cuddle up on the sofa with my fiance and a good movie. Feel free to do your own personal studies of the affordability and comfort of going to the movie theater or staying at home.

Nyu Essay Essays - Economy, Economy Of China, Greenwich Village

Nyu Essay From the early beginnings of my high school career, I have dreamed of attending a private university on the East Coast. Upon learning about New York University, it seems to fit perfectly. NYU offers the education and facility for me to achieve my dream of becoming a business leader in addition to having a solid foundation in the liberal arts. The Leonard N. Stern School of Business at NYU is ranked among the top 10 in the nation. New York City is an international center of finance, commerce, culture and law, as well as home to countless major industries and corporations. At Stern I can develop the cognitive and practical skills essential for becoming a business leader and simultaneously develop my talents and potential. This opportunity will allow me to experience times of great change, challenge, and excitement. Just recently, the landmark trade deal signed by U.S.-China offers U.S. companies unprecedented access to China's 1.2 billion consumers. From farmers to filmmakers, American businesses are expected to benefit from the new opening markets. China's ascension to the World Trade Organization (WTO) is a guarantee to the rest of the world that they can expect certain things from China's economic and commercial behavior. The WTO agreement will lead to an eventual boom to the U.S. economy and a spur to Chinese economic reforms, with estimates that it could lead to a doubling of China's global trade to $600 billion by 2005. By tying China to a set of rules that make foreign investors more comfortable, the agreement also sets the stage for a greater inflow of foreign capital, desperately needed to help employ the growing armies of the unemployed. The 21st century business landscape will be challenging and competitive on an international scale. The curriculum at NYU will provide me the necessary foundation to personify creativity and innovation. With the accession of China into the WTO, the future of business and trade will surely create a new horizon and give many new opportunities to a new generation of students and aspiring business leaders, such as myself. Along with a substantive grounding in the social and cultural context of all business activity and interpersonal and communications skills essential to a successful business career, I am also Chinese. As a native to Taiwan, my fluency in Mandarin Chinese will further allow me to rise above the rest and thrive in a culture I am greatly familiar with. My unique blend of multiculturalism, in particular the American and Chinese language and culture, will be especially helpful in our ever-changing global economy. I have so much that I can learn from Stern at NYU, but I also have so much to offer. My different experiences, drive and desire to learn will further enhance me academically and will allow me to use what I learn to make the business field better for our future generations. I would like to see the continuance of my education at NYU as a part of that future. To learn from all that it has to offer, I can later take what I have learned from NYU to share and give back to others. Acceptance is, for me, a chance of a lifetime. The knowledge and experience I could gain will truly help me see my goals turn into a prosperous and promising reality. Acceptance Essays

Paleolithic Art of the Old Stone Age

Paleolithic Art of the Old Stone Age The Paleolithic (literally Old Stone Age) period covered between two and one-half and three million years, depending on which scientist has done the calculations. For art historys purposes, Paleolithic Art refers to the Late Upper Paleolithic period. This began roughly around 40,000 years ago and lasted through the Pleistocene ice age, which ended about 8,000 BCE. This period was marked by the rise of Homo sapiens and their ever-developing ability to create tools and weapons. What the World Was Like There was a lot more ice and the ocean shoreline was far different than it is now. Lower water levels and, in some cases, land bridges (which have long since disappeared) allowed humans to migrate to the Americas and Australia. The ice also made for a cooler climate worldwide and prevented migration to the far north. Humans at this time were strictly hunter-gatherers, meaning they were constantly on the move in search of food. Art of the Time There were only two kinds of art: portable or stationary, and both forms were limited in scope. Portable art during the Upper Paleolithic period was necessarily small (in order to be portable) and consisted of either figurines or decorated objects. These things were carved (from stone, bone, or antler) or modeled with clay. Most of the portable art from this time was figurative, meaning it depicted something recognizable, whether animal or human in form. The figurines are often referred to by the collective name of Venus, as they are unmistakably females of a child-bearing build. Stationary art was just that: It didnt move. The best examples exist in (now famous) cave paintings in western Europe, created during the Paleolithic period. Paints were manufactured from combinations of minerals, ochres, burnt bone meal, and charcoal mixed into mediums of water, blood, animal fats, and tree saps. Experts guess (and its only a guess) that these paintings served some form of ritualistic or magical purpose, as they are located far from the mouths of caves where everyday life took place. Cave paintings contain far more non-figurative art, meaning many elements are symbolic rather than realistic. The clear exception, here, is in the depiction of animals, which are vividly realistic (humans, on the other hand, are either completely absent or stick figures). Key Characteristics It seems a bit flippant to try to characterize the art from a period that encompasses most of human history. Paleolithic art is intricately bound to anthropological and archaeological studies that professionals have devoted entire lives researching and compiling. That said, to make some sweeping generalizations, Paleolithic art: Paleolithic art concerned itself with either food (hunting scenes, animal carvings) or fertility (Venus figurines). Its predominant theme was animals.It is considered to be an attempt, by Stone Age peoples, to gain some sort of control over their environment, whether by magic or ritual.Art from this period represents a giant leap in human cognition: abstract thinking.

Money Management Finance and Accounting Assignment

Money Management Finance and Accounting - Assignment Example Management of Money: Discussion on the Case: As the case represents, the individual concerned has retired and he has $500,000 saved with him that he can use either for investment or for any other purpose. Either a yearly pension from a life insurance company may prove to be beneficial for him or the individual may manage the wealth himself by investing in a bank. The purpose here is to determine which approach would be more beneficial for the individual after his retirement. Case 1: Yearly Pension from Life Insurance Company: In case of life insurance companies, depending on the age and life expectancy of the individual the insurance company may decide on the pension amount that can be paid to the individual (A Basic Lesson in Immediate Annuities). It is assumed that the individual is a male and his age is 60 years. He has an amount of $50,000 to invest. If he invests the money in a life insurance company, several options of income payment may be available to him. The highest amount that he may receive is $8,455 on a monthly basis on the plan of â€Å"Guarantee Income for a 5-Year Period Certain Only† (Estimated Quotes for a Single Life Annuity). ... Case 2: Managing Own’s Wealth: The individual might even decide to plan and manage his own wealth. If he wants to deposit the amount in a bank and withdraw a certain amount every year, he would have an interest payment for himself that he will receive on the amount he has deposited. A total savings of $500,000 might expect to receive an amount of $25,000 in a year from the portfolio of income. This amount may be received if the annual rates of returns are 7 percent or 8 percent and the individual withdraws, say 5 percent on the amount. Withdrawing an amount of more than 5 percent may create troubles for the principal amount and increase risk for the individual (Generating Income from a $500,000 Portfolio). Thus if an amount of $25,000 can be received through bank investment, then monthly returns are expected to be $2083. Comparison: If the two cases are compared it can be realized that the amount that the individual may receive from a life insurance company is much higher than the amount received from a bank investment. Even the minimum amount that a life insurance company can provide the individual with is $2520 which is more than the amount of $2083 that can be expected from a bank investment on a monthly basis. In addition to the higher amounts that a life insurance company may pay off to its customer, it also provides facilities for the family members of the individual depending on the plan that the individual selects for his investment. Thus, even after his death, his family members may receive the deserved amounts that might prove to be beneficial for their wellbeing. Thus comparing both the investment options available to the individual

P2P Bit Torrent (Torrents) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

P2P Bit Torrent (Torrents) - Assignment Example This makes it easy for people to download popular and huge files, like television programs and videos in a manner much faster than other protocols (Jagadeesh, 2012). When a person opens a web page and clicks on a link, he will have initiated a file download to the computer. Web browser software on the computer which serves as the client, tells the server (computer holding the required file) to transfer a copy of the file to the computer. The rate of transfer is affected by numerous dynamics, including the protocol type, the level of traffic from the server and the number of computers requesting the same file. If the file is both extensive and popular, a great demand is placed on the server and the download from the server (Kayne, 1). P2P File sharing is different from convectional file downloading. In P2P sharing a software program is used rather than a web browser, to locate computers with the required file. For the reason of these computers being typical and not acting as servers, they are referred to as peers. A user runs a P2P file-sharing program and a computer and sends out a request for the files the person wants to download (Utorrent, 2013). When the torrent client locates the computer with the required file on its hard drive, it initiates the download process. It is also possible for others using the same torrent client to obtain files they want from another person’s computer that has just downloaded the new file. This is referred to as seeding. The load of the file transfer is distributed among the computer that is exchanging the files. Some people choose to download files and once a download is complete, they terminate the torrent client connection. This is called leeching. This puts a limit on the number of computers that the software can search if a file is requested (Jagadeesh, 2012). Downloading different partitions of the file simultaneously helps to solve a common

The Most Challenging Aspects of Today's Global Business Environment Essay

The Most Challenging Aspects of Today's Global Business Environment - Essay Example Today, social networks have created an information age, where businesses need to be part of the evolving network to succeed (Castells, 2010). In with the changes, the paper seeks to identify the most challenging aspects of today’s global business environment and the opportunities that exist in them for business operatives. Johansson and Leigh (2011) cited the penetration levels of multinational companies into the BRIC markets as a typical scenario of the growing importance of emerging markets in today’s global business environment. As a result of the concentration, business leaders are forced to follow the new flow of social influence by also making meaningful impacts in emerging markets (Dholakia and Talukda, 2004). On the opportunities that emerging markets present, Wilson and Purushothaman (2003) made mention of conducive political provisions that exist in most of these markets as a way of making them globalised destinations for foreign direct investments. There are also economic incentives including tax holidays and access to government supported loans (Crane, Kawashima and Kawasaki, 2002). Even more, consumers in emerging markets have become part of a global consolidation that has developed a new twist to consumer behavior, where the preference for quality forces companies to optimise thei r potentials (Gupta, 2011). The opportunities notwithstanding, there are key challenges that most emerging markets present multinational companies and other companies in the global business environment. For example, the use of superimposition, which for a long time was seen to be a major advantage for companies have been cautioned by Featherstone (1991) as having major disadvantages in any competitive global engagement. Again, the economic growth pattern of most of these emerging markets has been questioned by Smith (2014) and The Economist (2013) as being unsustainable but rather short-lived. This is because in

The Importance Of Team Work Management Essay

The Importance Of Team Work Management Essay The essay begins with an attempt to define the nature of teams and groups and considers the differences between the two. This is followed by a discussion of why teamwork is important to contemporary organisations. After which, the conditions necessary for effective team working is discussed drawing on Tuckman (1965) model of group development. Then a discussion of group processes that lead to ineffective teamwork are considered. Finally, the impact of technology is considered on the effect of teams and the rise of virtual teams before a conclusion is made. Defining Groups and Teams A definition of a team may assume that the team has, or is working towards a common goal (Pynadeth and Tambe, 2002). A team can be defined as groups of people embedded in organisations, performing tasks that contribute to achieving the organisations goals. They share overall work objectives. They have the necessary authority, autonomy and resources to achieve these objectives (West, 2004, p.18). The difference between a group and a team is that members of a team share a common goal they are pursuing collaboratively. Moreover, they can only succeed or fail as a whole, and the members of that team share the benefits and costs of success or failure. In contrast, the members of a (psychological) group may share a number of common features.but each has his or her own individual goals (Buchanan and Hyczynski, 2007, p.379). Importance of Teamwork In a contemporary organisations, what were once competitors are now collaborators, what were once outsiders are now stakeholders, what were once stark boundaries are now fuzzy fences. Organisations have now discovered the value of collaboration, both inside and outside (Brooks, 2006, p.115). Teamwork has been linked to economic advantages, higher output, lower absenteeism and increased employee satisfaction (Steijn, 2001; Brooks, 2006; Buchanan and Hyczynski, 2007). It has also been shown to lead to less stressful work, reduced alienation and improved working relationships (Katzenback and Smith). Effective Team Working Certain conditions are necessary for effective teamwork (Buchanan and Hyczsynski, 2007). Several models of team working have been developed, however Tuckmans Model of Group Development (1965) is one of the most widely used (Murray et al., 2006, Buchanan and Hyczynski, 2007). Tuckman (1965) model depicts four stages of group development, which represents a logical sequence of stages of group development of which every team must go through in order to work as a cohesive and effective team (Tuckman, 1965; Murray et al., 2006). The first stage is forming. Forming is about orientation, socialisation and developing relationships. Discovering what is acceptable behaviour, focusing on objectives. Discovering the nature and boundaries of the task, developing team behaviours The second stage is storming this is about confrontation and conflict and the struggle for power and influence. At this stage the group structure shifts towards hostility and conflict, as members express their individuality and resistance (Murray et al., 2006, p.314). During this stage there is conflict over individuals desires to express their own opinions, which often results in the polarisation of opinions (Buchanan and Hyczynski, 2007). The third stage is norming, in this stage groups develop a cohesive approach, whereby harmonious relations replace conflict and disagreement. During this stage, communication becomes more open and people are more comfortable with expressing their opinions, even if it is different to others without fear of repercussions or thoughts of deviant behaviour (Buchanan and Hyczynski, 2007). Members begin to develop social interactions that enhance the overall performance of the group (Murray et al., 2006). Performing is the final stage of group development, in which teams are finally able to work as a cohesive unit. This is about team collaboration and the focus is on getting the task at hand completed and reaching the shared goals of the team. By this stage, the team should have a thorough understanding of what is required of them, the problems, challenges and issues they face in reaching their goals and will have established norms of behaviour that will facilitate the team in meeting its goals (Tuckman, 1965; Murray et al., 2006). The team which emerges as a result of these group development stages is a mature group, capable and willing to complete the tasks as defined by the organisation (Tuckman, 1965; Murray et al., 2006, Buchanan and Hyczynski, 2007). Arguably, if the team is not able, for whatever reason to complete the stages of group development, then the team will be ineffective (Murray et al., 2006). As a result, this has important implications for managers and team leaders. Group processes and behaviour cannot be separated from the pursuit of effective team working. Therefore, leaders and managers must develop and emotional awareness of the influence of the psychological group on the overall performance of the team (Steijn, 2001; Buchanan and Hyczynski, 2007) Factors which Threaten the Success of the Team Buchanan and Hyczynski (2007) point out that teamwork of all kinds is fraught with tensions, conflicts, obstacles and problems. If these are not managed effectively, rather than surpassing the best members capabilities, the total group output may actually equal less than the weakest members efforts (p.351). This is known as negative synergy. This can be caused by factors such as negative equity, whereby other members of the group underperform so the other person thinks why should I?, shirking of responsibility, negative effort of group reward whereby everyone is rewarded the same regardless of effort and finally, problems of coordination, so people are obstructing others ability to get on with a task (Buchanan and Hyczynski, 20007). Collectively, this phenomenon has come to be known as social loafing (Ingham et al., 1974). In addition to social loafing, problems of group think can have a negative impact on the performance of teams. Whilst the development of group norms and behaviour can be beneficial to the team, in its extreme form this can lead to the problem of group think (Buchanan and Hyczynski, 2007). Group think occurs whereby members of the group fail to critically analyse, test and evaluate problems, issues and challenges which face the group (Murray et al., 2006). This may be caused as a subconscious desire for members to avoid deviating from the prescribed norms of behaviour and group consensus (Buchanan and Hyczynski, 2007). However, this leads to ineffective team working, which is not beneficial to the organisation (West, 2004). Managers and team leaders play a pivotal role in ensuring that the problems of social loafing and group think does not occur. In addition managers should recognise team leaders who may advertently or inadvertently encourage the onset of negative synergy, social loafing and group think and take steps to minimise the impact of their ineffective team leadership. Impact of Technology on Team Functioning Technology plays an increasingly important role on the way in which teams function (Brooks, 2006). This is because organisations are becoming increasingly distributed across geographical boundaries and across industries (Brooks, 2006, p.115). There are many different types of technologies that have emerged which facilitate the development of teamwork both in a virtual and non-virtual teamwork environment. The rise in computer mediated technology, which facilitates communication, planning and organisation, has broken down barriers and can contribute towards making the team more effective (West, 2004; Brooks, 2006). Virtual teams are becoming an increasingly common extension of traditional organisational structures. Brooks (2006) describes the process as the following: virtual organisations, workplaces and teams are becoming increasingly common place. In a virtual team the members primary interaction is through some combination of electronic communications systems, which allows members of the team to cross time, space and cultural boundaries (Brooks, 2006, p.110). The type of technology which facilitates both physical and virtual teams includes the reduction in costs in recent years of portable PCs and consumer electronics and of communications devices. For example, laptops have seen a reduction in price and the majority of modern laptops come with in-built microphones, speakers and web cams for video conferencing. The cost of international calls has reduced and can even be made for free using VOIP (voice over internet protocol) technologies, such as Skype and Google Voice. Conclusion Teamwork is becoming increasingly important in contemporary organisations, and as long as teams are formed, managed and implemented effectively, can provide a source of competitive advantage in terms of increased employee satisfaction, creativity and innovation. However, if teams are assigned to inappropriate tasks, are managed ineffectively or not provided with adequate support, resources and autonomy to carry out their tasks then the effect of teamwork can be counterproductive. Teams are formal groups assigned by management that have shared goals. There is a difference between teams and groups; groups can exist without teams but teams cannot exist without groups. Therefore, the impact of group behaviour and group dynamics will have a significant impact on the overall performance of the team. Therefore, management must be awareness of the presence of groups that create their own norms and personal goals, which may deviate from the objectives of the team. Therefore, teamwork can be i s a complex management area, yet if carried out effectively, the results can be very rewarding.

Conflict Between Science and Religion Essay

Conflict is a state of open, often prolonged fighting. Over the ages, conflict between science and religion has developed. Science and religion are commonly perceived as a mutually exclusive contradiction. Both methods and aims of science and religion seem to be different. While science is concerned with materials, religion is linked to spirituality. Science and religion have different aspects in life but also have their own importance and values to people. To choose between the two may be difficult for everyone. It is difficult for me to choose which side to be on. I believe in religion, but also feel science is true but with its limits. History tells us the two have always been in conflict since the beginning of time; religion reigned supreme in every life, but science slowly took its place. Today, science if more important than religion. Science tells us, the first cause is unknowable. But religion says it can be discovered though religious discipline, as God is self-revealed not self-existent. Science is a rational. It believes only on observations and experiments. Through sciences’ teachings, we learn not to believe until it is proven to be true via experiments. Religion, on the other hand, is faith, teaching us to believe and have faith in religious books and teachers. Hence all writings; the ‘Bible’, the ‘Gita’ and the ‘Kuran’ is all true as they are the Gods words. Gods’ existence cannot be proved, but felt through faith. It’s all a matter of faith, not experiments or observations. Science believes that nothing is true, but the truths are tentative. What is right today can be proven wrong the next hence begins experimentation and observations. At one time Earth was supposed to be motionless and the sun goes round it. A time came when science proved it wrong and showed that Earth goes round the sun. Likewise, Newton’s gravitational laws held the days till Einstein came up with the theory of relativity. This way science advanced toward truth as absolute. Religion and religious books are absolute truth. Criticisms of these teachings are violently condemned and know to be a heretic. In the past, those questioning religion were mercilessly punished and mistreated. Galileo’s example comes to mind during the controversy over heliocentrism and geocentrism, between the Catholic Church and empirical scientists. Galileo had many controversies, but the star that got him into trouble was the idea that the sun orbiting the Earth. Older views, inherited from Ptolemy, was that the sun and all heavenly bodies around the Earth, the centre of the universe. Later churches found explanations for geocentrism in Christian scripture: â€Å"You have established the Earth on its foundations; it cannot be moved†. (Blackwell, 2002). But the Churches and Galileo’s conflict was not allegiance to literal interpretation of the Bible. Science advances from particular to general principle and laws. As a result, Newton saw an apple falling. He observed numerous similarities and phenomena and on his basis of observation developed his famous gravitational laws. On the other hand, religion works from the general to the particular, with entirely different methods compared to science. Scientific theories are based on a much sounder foundation than the religious principles. Religion has lost ground since the advance of science. Truth has been subjected to analysis by science, one after another. In the end it’s all proven wrong. For example; religion believes that the universe is one of Gods many creation. Science disagrees with this and says that particle collision and explosion is what created the universe. To date this theory of science has been proven wrong with thousand of scientist working to prove â€Å"God Wrong†. People have lost faith in religion and to people science appears more rational and convincing, conquering their hearts with its practical values. The application of its laws provides man comfort and luxuries, religion has no such material. What religion has no one will know till u reach eternal faith and peace. Religion has one thing and one thing only power. Science has its limitations. Humans have a body as well as a spirit. Science only deals with the body; the body cannot do without the spirit. Science gives comforts, religion alone give men the courage to struggle against all odds. We may even face death itself, with a smile and open arms. Religion brings humans their wondered spirit. In the end, it is said religion is a social phenomenon, personal and individual beliefs. Religion may have been weakened by science as it is a phenomenon. Science has not touch religion at least in its personal and individual aspects. People today still have faith in the name of religion like Pope Benedict XVI who remain unshaken and make many sacrifices in religious beliefs. Therefore it would be wrong to say science has humans irreligious or a mortal enemy.

Milliron’s Privacy was Invaded by Face Recognition Technology

Rob Milliron, a construction worker, was enjoying his lunch in an entertainment area of Tampa, Florida, when a government camera equipped with face recognition technology took his photograph. The photo was used without Milliron’s consent in an article published in the U. S. News & World Report. When a woman in Oklahoma misidentified Milliron after seeing that photo and contacted the police department to have him arrested on child neglect charges, the man in the picture was forced to explain his innocence to law enforcement agencies. He told a newspaper once his explanation had been accepted: â€Å"They made me feel like a criminal† (Alexander & Richert-Boe). This case raises ethical concerns regarding governmental use of facial recognition surveillance. Although common use of this technology is yet to be realized in the United States, its future in areas of security and public safety appears rather promising. However, as Milliron’s case shows, there is an issue of legality that federal statutes have not yet addressed with reference to face recognition surveillance. In order to understand the legality of face recognition technology, we have to bring into consideration the Fourth Amendment (Bennett, 2001). The United States Supreme Court held in Katz v. United States that the Fourth Amendment would afford constitutional protection in those areas in which an individual reasonably expects privacy. For a private or public space to be recognized as one that is outside the bounds of search, both the individual occupying the space as well society must recognize privacy interest in the space in question. Courts allow the use of video surveillance only in places where people do not have reasonable expectations of privacy. These places may include sidewalks as well as public streets, workplaces in addition to entertainment areas (Bennett). Because Milliron should not have expected privacy in the public area he occupied, the fact that government cameras took his photograph cannot be considered unethical. Benett writes that â€Å"[c]ourts have found repeatedly that warrantless video surveillance of public areas does not violate the Fourth Amendment, and it seems likely that courts will take the same approach toward public surveillance systems incorporating facial recognition software† (164). This is true despite the fact that facial recognition technology is marked by an unreasonable privacy invasion, and â€Å"all individuals in the camera’s path are subject to a police lineup† (Kasindorf, 2001). Bennett’s claim that face recognition technology would not have a conflict with the Fourth Amendment is based on the fact that the new technology does not involve the kind of physical intrusion, such as the drawing of blood or the taking of urine samples that the Fourth Amendment’s searches involve. Moreover, the Supreme Court has maintained that new technological devices that enhance the senses of law enforcement are entirely constitutional. The Supreme Court has further held that observations using technologies such as biometrics are made in areas where the police have a clear right to be present. Such observations are a part of plain view surveillance that may also be performed without the technology in question. Finally, it has been maintained that no technology may be considered an intrusion where the lack of the technology poses a threat to the security of the people (Bennett). Although this line of reasoning is entirely acceptable, the fact remains that Milliron’s photograph was used without his consent. His subsequent experience with the photo was uncomfortable enough to refer to the publishing of the photo as misuse of information on the part of the government. It was an invasion of Milliron’s privacy to publish the photo without his consent. So, even though the government is correct to use face recognition surveillance in public places for security reasons, it should vow never to misuse the information it gathers thus for security reasons alone. Milliron and other members of the general public should be asked whether they would agree to have their photos published with the caption, â€Å"You can’t hide those lying eyes in Tampa,† as did Milliron’s photo in the U. S. News & World Report (Alexander & Richert-Boe). Clearly, the government should be held as a lawbreaker if it takes photographs for security reasons and publishes them for other reasons.

Careers in Human Services

Careers in Human Services Introduction The domain of Human Services generally aims at addressing human requirements through multidisciplinary approaches, focusing on mitigation as well as prevention of problems, and maintaining a commitment to ameliorating the general quality of life.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Careers in Human Services specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More â€Å"The Human Services profession is one which promotes improved service delivery systems by addressing not only the quality of direct services, but also by seeking to improve accessibility, accountability, and coordination among professionals and agencies in service delivery†. The phrase human service employee broadly refers to individuals who provide paraprofessional and skilled occupations in varied settings as correctional centers, halfway homes, family, and youth services. Job descriptions in this field vary considerably from one setting to another depending on the nature of activities carried out and the type of clients dealt with. The main role of an employee that provides the human service is to help people and communities to operate properly in the key spheres of life. A strong wish to assist people is a significant element that an individual seeking to offer human services should consider. People who demonstrate tolerance, understanding, and compassion in their socialization with others stand better chances of getting employment in this sector. Other vital individual characteristics comprise communication proficiency, a good sense of accountability, and the capacity to keep time effectively. Family Support Worker A family support employee assist families to rehabilitate their lives by giving psychotherapy, monetary support and learning activities. They are mainly employed by social service organizations, but some of them are also deployed by law enforcement and health care facilities. The primary responsibilities of a family suppor t employee include the following. First, family support employees identify and deal with needy children and families in various communities with an aim of helping them improve their social and economic status. For instance, they can advise unemployed parents on how to access social security services. Second, they facilitate the care of children living in dangerous environments where violence and insecurity are prevalent.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Third, they help their supervisors and managers in planning community activities aimed at improving the social and economic status of disadvantaged families. For instance, they can conduct a weekend food drive to support vulnerable families. Family support employees also examine cases related to child abuse and abandonment, and where possible, rescue children from abusive families. They also look for alternative accommod ation for vulnerable children. In some circumstances, family support employees visit various homes in a given location, examine their conducts, and interrogate them throughout the visit. If the workers detect unusual family behavior, they make recommendations on how they can adjust from their challenges. As already mentioned, family support employees operate in various settings depending on their areas of specialization and expertise. For example, some of them can work in areas where families have been displaced due to catastrophes. Others generally work in the community by interacting with various families. Most employees require well-informed and experienced workers. One can gain the much-needed experience by first offering voluntary services in workstations such as children’s homes, mental health care centers, and kindergartens. Family support employees usually hire individuals with varied qualifications since they offer a wide scope of support services that require specif ic skills. This demonstrates that there are indeed many job prospects in this area. â€Å"Most employers in this domain hire workers with a Diploma or Certification in Child Care, Learning and Development; advanced qualifications in family support such as postgraduate honor in Family Support and Child Protection are highly recommended†. Employees also provide in-service training to their workers. A person seeking to serve in this capacity must seek approval from the department of Criminal Records. Besides the professional qualifications, a family support employee should demonstrate superior knowledge of requisite social work skills such as the capacity to interact with various age groups. One should also have a lenient outlook. Junior workers can begin earning approximately $18,000 annually and as they gain more experience and skills this figure can increase to about $35,000. The primary challenge experienced by most workers in this area is the fact that they have to be very tactful because they deal with varied cases, which need various approaches and skills.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Careers in Human Services specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Social Work Assistant Social workers are divided into two categories. The first group is known as direct-service employees, who assist people in sorting out social challenges in their lives. The second category is known as clinical social employees, who identify and cure psychological and emotional disorders. Under general administration, serving employees in this position offer medical social care to customers or patients under in-patient management, and ambulatory health management. This includes assisting patients to take medication properly to facilitate their quick recovery. Health social employees organize with other organizations or persons in giving support to patients and their relatives. â€Å"Health social workers coordinate with other agencies or individuals in assisting patients and their families, making referrals to community support services such as social services agencies, churches, nursing homes, home health, employment agencies, schools, legal aid society and others†. Social works normally operate in diverse environments depending on the nature of their duty. For example, some of them work in learning institutions, health facilities, and generally in the community. Most social workers have to put up with long work schedules, which may sometimes stretch beyond the normal recommended working hours. At present, most organizations that carry out direct-service activities in social work, mainly recruit individuals with bachelor degree qualifications in social work and other related courses such as community development. However, some jobs in this domain demand a postgraduate degree. It is mandatory for clinical social employees to have a postgraduate degree. Moreover, it is compulsory for a social worker to be certified before operating. The average yearly remuneration for social employees in America is $ 42,480. Job opportunities in this area of specialization are likely to grow by approximately 25 percent from 2009 to 2015. This projected escalation in the demand for social work employees is due to the ever-increasing community work. Substance Abuse Counselor Substance abuse therapy is sometimes called behavioral disorder therapy, and it is perhaps the most demanding vocation option for psychological health counselors. Individuals that engage in drug abuse have high chances of developing mental and behavioral complications, which may sometimes relapse, and it may be difficult to handle such clients.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Counselors who provide therapy to drug abusers can work in hospitals, correction facilities like jails, and drug rehabilitation centers. Apart from these, they can work with social welfare organizations and private practice is allowed provided a counselor is licensed. Substance abuse therapists mostly work with adolescents and young adults since majority of the drug abusers fall in this age bracket. There is an ever-rising demand for counselors in learning institutions. Drug abuse therapists have the role of mitigating cases of drug misuse and counsel victims of drug misuse. The entry qualification in this profession is a bachelor’s degree in psychotherapy or guidance and counseling. Nonetheless, a counselor can only be licensed if he or she has a master’s degree in counseling. Drug abuse counselors have better chances securing employment since there is a high demand for their services. For example, in the U.S, more than fifteen million people develop drug addiction an nually. â€Å"With more than nine percent of the population seeking counseling and/or treatment for substance abuse, the demand for a qualified substance abuse counselor remains high†. Most organizations pay drug abuse counselors salaries that range from $ 24,768 to $ 42,200 annually. Child Abuse Worker Child abuse employees offer social assistance to children so that they can have proper psychological health. Such workers may help single parents have children through adoption, and help neglected or abused children get proper accommodation in foster homes. In learning institutions, they solve social challenges such as unwanted pregnancies, drug addiction, and misconduct among learners. A child abuse employee performs several roles, which sometimes demand difficult decisions. For example, they will characteristically find out if a child is being mistreated and make a recommendation on how the child should be supported by the family or foster home. If necessary, a child abuse e mployee may counsel a family on how to rehabilitate abused children. These workers assist victims of child abuse to seek legal action against their oppressors. Upon receiving information about a possible child mistreatment, a child abuse officer examines the situation to validate the account. In doing so, a child abuse employee will be able to find out the suitability of the conditions under which the child lives. If a child has suffered physical abuse, he or she should be medically examined. â€Å"A child abuse worker makes a decision regarding whether abuse is present in the home based or not and this depends on the evidence gathered†. If there is no substantive evidence to link an individual to child abuse, the case is terminated. If there are significant signs that a child is being mishandled, a child abuse employee tries to correct the problem. Child abuse employees in most cases earn about $30,000 to $42,000 annually depending on the level of experience and work load. M ental Health Aide â€Å"Mental health aides, also known as nursing and psychiatric aides, are responsible for helping to care for the sick in hospitals, in mental health facilities and sometimes at home†. They are direct health support providers since they handle individuals with long-term health complications. Mental health assistants perform several functions under the tutelage of medical staff. For example, they assist mentally retarded patients who cannot maintain personal hygiene and cope with normal life demands. Thus, they check patients’ psychological and physical wellbeing. The fact that some patients may have to spend long durations in hospital enable them to create a good relationship with mental health aides who get to understand and manage them better with time. Mental aides specifically assist patients to develop good social skills such as creating and maintaining friendships. Mental health assistants are very instrumental in health care facilities becaus e they can easily detect and report changes in psychological status of patients. An individual willing to serve as a psychological health assistant must be ready to carry out physically challenging tasks. â€Å"Their caseloads are often overflowing; they do a great deal of standing and walking and may do quite a bit of heavy lifting, which requires them to be trained in specific lifting and moving techniques†. For instance, mental health assistants do physical tasks such as cleaning bedpans, replacing soiled bedding, and redirecting mixed-up or combative patients. Mental health assistants have to put up with long work shifts sometimes stretching beyond 40 hours a week since most of the patients they handle require constant monitoring and care. Mental health workers must not have advanced qualifications to conduct their activities, but they should at least have a certificate or diploma qualification. Many employees in this area like hiring those who have served as nurses or ai des. In most cases, health aides get in-service training offered by senior nurses and medical personnel. There is a high turnover of employees in this job since they face many challenges in their duties and prospects of promotion are minimal. The key challenge is dealing with elderly persons with mental challenges. A mental health support employee earns about $ 10 to $13 per hour depending on one’s experience. From the above discussion, it is evident that the human service domain has many job prospects due to huge amount of humanitarian work. References Coombs, H. (2005). Addiction Counseling Review: Preparing for Comprehensive, Certification, and Licensing Examinations. New York: Wiley. Marshburn, B. (2011). Mental Health Aide (Career Examination Passbooks). New York: Wiley. Poindexter, C., Valentine, D. (2006). An Introduction to Human Services: Values, Methods, and Populations Served. New York: Brooks Cole. Rudman, J. (2011). Social Work Assistant (Passbook for Career Opp ortunities). Chicago: National Learning Corporation. Stevens, P., Smith, R. (2011). Substance abuse counseling: theory and practice. Michigan: Prentice Hall. Wolfe, R. (2009). How to Land a Top-Paying Child abuse workers Job: Your Complete Guide to Opportunities. New York: Prentice Hall. Woodside, M., McClam, T. (2005). An Introduction to Human Services. New York: Brooks Cole.

Crossing the Wire Essay Essays

Crossing the Wire Essay Essays Crossing the Wire Essay Essay Crossing the Wire Essay Essay I will urge this book to my friends because it is full of exhilaration and tough challenges. Back Description of Major Fictional characters Victor Flores- a 15 twelvemonth old male child life in cardinal Mexico full of doggedness and finding to traverse the Mexican – American boundary line to happen work in the united provinces to back up his household. Rico- Victor’s best friend who must traverse the boundary line to back up his parents populating in cardinal Mexico. Miguel- a wise immature male parent of four Victor met in his journey. Victor tags along with Miguel as they cross the boundary line until they run into boundary line patrol and acquire split up. Julio- a street wise child who earns pocket money with Victor in a cramped boundary line town until he decides to travel on and traverse the boundary line through a drainage tunnel that ends up in the U. S. when it rains. Drumhead This book starts out in cardinal Mexico but when 15 twelvemonth old Victor Flores’ household needs money master has to traverse the boundary line to happen work in the provinces. On Victor’s journey he meets a adult male named Miguel and together they try to traverse the boundary line into the provinces. On their journey the tally into the boundary line patrol and acquire split up. Subsequently on master meets Julio and together they work on the streets seeking to set together their program to traverse the boundary line. One twenty-four hours it started raining and Julio knew that it was the perfect chance to drift through the drainage tunnel that ends on the other side of the boundary line. Victor decides non to travel. A few hebdomads subsequently Victor notices an old friend standing in line at the soup kitchen. It was Rico! Victor couldn’t believe it he’d thought that Rico had already crossed the boundary line. So they spent a few yearss catching up and be aftering their journey across the boundary line. They set off a few yearss subsequently as mules with a few other people. During their trip as mules they heard that they were traveling to be killed at the terminal so they had to get away. They made it all the manner to the main road and so they hitched a drive to Tucson where Rico’s brother lived. When they got to Rico’s brother’s house they went to the front door and peal the buzzer but they discovered that his brother had left. Now they didn’t cognize what to make. They decided to travel to La Perra Flaca to look for work in the onion Fieldss. There wasn’t any work left there so they were sent to Washington to work in asparagus Fieldss and eventually there was work. About a month subsequently they got there first payroll checks and they sent them place alas. Rico wasn’t a really good field worker and he wanted to travel place and travel to school. So a few yearss subsequently he went place but Victor stayed for work.

Film Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Film Analysis - Essay Example The film portrays him as a counterculture individual defining the field of rock and roll of his time. The film’s depiction of Jim Morison goes beyond the iconic traits. He is portrayed as an alcoholic star with interests in the spiritual plane. He indulges in hallucinogenic drugs and has a growing obsession with death. Mise-en-scene The plot of the movie begins with an instance Jim Morison was recording his album, the American Prayer. The scenes quickly shift to years back when Jim Morison was a child. The memory of his family driving along a desert highway crops up. The younger Jim Morison seems like an elderly Native American about to die by the roadside. The movie picks up when Jim Morison arrives in California and he assimilates into Venice Beach culture and joins UCLA to study. He then meets Pamela Couson, his girlfriend. The origin of the Doors begins when Morison meets Ray Manzarek. Later in the film, the audience is introduced to Robby, John Densmore and Krieger. As th e movie progresses, Jim Morison convinces his band mates to take a trip to Death Valley. In the Death Valley, the band experiences the effects of psychedelic drugs. On their return to Los Angeles, the band plays several shows in famous clubs of the time. In particular, their performance at a nightclub Whisky a Go Go earns them a rapid growth of fan base (Stone, 1991). Jim Morison’s occasional improvised lyrics and on-stage antics raise the ire of night club owners. The popularity of the band continues to escalate, nonetheless. The movie does not give viewers the true picture of what made Morrison tick in his age and time. Even though the movie did a lot of staff the right way, the director left out a lot of positive moments in Jim Morrison’s life. Stone concentrated on the ugly moments Jim portrayed miscalculated actions marred with drugs and alcohol. An instant in the plot of the film that does not correspond to the true life of Morrison include the joining of the ban d by Robby Krieger. In the film, the director portrays Morrison as having the full band from the onset. The members included Robby Krieger. In real life, Robby Krieger joined the Door many months after the band began. In addition, Jim asks the bartender for Dos Equis. This was ages before the brand was imported into the United States. The drink was imported into the states for the first time in 1973. While taking a shower with Jim in New Haven, Connecticut, Patricia mentions that Jim attended University of Florida. In real sense, the artist attended Florida State University. Misconception in Characterization Screenplay of the Door is based on real people and events. Even though a number of the episodes explored in the movie are based on the lives of the people, some instances portray the visions of the director and dramatized events. An example of the dramatized events in the movie is the moment Jim is asked to change the lyrics of his famous song, Light my Fire. This special reques t for appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show depicts the artist as a blatant, non yielding individual. The movie depicts the artist as a defiant man, shouting the word â€Å"higher† on TV. In reality, Morrison had shouted the word â€Å"fire† during his lifetime. During his lifetime, Morrison had clarified that the incident was meant to change the lyrics of his song during a live TV performance, but was too nervous to make the change

Evaluation of Agency's Human Resources Management Research Paper - 1

Evaluation of Agency's Human Resources Management - Research Paper Example Human resource also entail resource alignment whereby it integrates decisions concerning people and the outcome that the organization is striving to obtain. This paper will seek to develop an in-depth analysis and evaluation of the selected agency’s human resources management systems and processes and then provide recommendations for improvement. Ray Consortium is an agency located in the US. I did a research that revealed that this agency has processes and systems that intersect between information technology and human resource management. One of the agency’s major components of human resource processes for hiring and retaining is the enterprise resource-planning package (Department of Administration, 2004). In this package, the agency merges human resource management as a doctrine with its basic human resource processes and activities, within the field of information technology in particular (Lawler, 2004). With the emergency of enterprise resource planning software, this agency added its crucial components of planning to incorporate data processing systems programs that standardize routines and integrate information from and within various applications towards a single universal database (Briscoe, Schuler, & Tarique, 2011). According to the human resource manager of Ray Consortium, integration of enterprise resourc e planning as a major component of the agency’s human resource system facilitated faster and easier linkage of the agency’s human resource modules and financial modules. Furthermore, this agency has a performance appraisal process that evaluates employees’ performance, capabilities, and abilities and provides a systematic platform for rewarding. This procedure aims at motivating, mobilizing, and fostering their zeal towards their respective jobs (Lawler, 2004). In identifying predecessors of different sections of the agency, this agency uses modules of human resource that link performance of an employee through a single database that

Genetic and Molecular Biology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Genetic and Molecular Biology - Essay Example The chromosome theory on inheritance said that Chromosomes are in pairs and genes, or their alleles, are located on the chromosomes. 4. Each of several Alternative forms of a Gene is called an Allele. Letters are used to represent Alleles: Capital Letters refer to a Dominant Allele that masks or hides expression of a recessive allele. Lowercase Letters refer to a Recessive Allele its expression is masked by a dominant allele. Yes, it is possible for more than two alleles of a gene to exist. 5. Scientists gradually learned about DNA in a curiously twisted fashion that is common in science. For one thing, the discovery of DNA required progress on three separate fronts: cytology (the study of cells through a microscope), genetics, and chemistry. Scientists working on DNA in the early 1950s used the term "gene" to mean the smallest unit of genetic information, but they did not know what a gene actually looked like structurally and chemically, or how it was copied, with very few errors, generation after generation. Nevertheless, many scientists continued to believe that DNA had a structure too uniform and simple to store genetic information for making complex living organisms. The genetic material, they reasoned, must consist of proteins, much more diverse and intricate molecules known to perform a multitude of biological functions in the cell. 6. Gene is a hereditary unit consisting of a sequence of DNA that occupies a specific location on a chromosome and determines a particular characteristic in an organism. A chromosome is a grouping of coiled strands of DNA, containing many genes. 7. Each strand of DNA is a chain of chemical "building blocks", called nucleotides, of which there are four types: adenine (abbreviated A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). These allowable base components of nucleic acids can be polymerized in any

Assessments for Early Childhood Programs Essay Example for Free

Assessments for Early Childhood Programs Essay William J. Wilson once said, â€Å"The person who scored well on an SAT will not necessarily be the best doctor or the best lawyer or the best businessman. These tests do not measure character, leadership, creativity, or perseverance†. Why do we test students? What is the purpose of assessments? Do these tests and assessments benefit the students? These are questions educators have been asking for years. It is impossible for one to determine a child’s academic abilities based solely on a test. Yet there still needs to be some form of assessments performed in order to evaluate the academic level each student has reached. But how much assessing is too much? How heavily do educators rely on the results of these assessments? The main issues, when it comes to assessing early childhood students, are the consequences of the assessment results and how they affect the child. According to The National Academies of Sciences, there are two key principles that support the success of assessment. The first is that the purpose of an assessment should be a guide for assessment decisions. The purpose for any assessment must be determined and clearly communicated to all stake- holders before the assessment is designed or implemented. Most important, assessment designed for programs should not be used to assess individual children. Because different purposes require different kinds of assessments, the purpose should drive assessment design and implementation decisions† (The National Academies of Sciences, 2008). The second principle is that any assessment performed should be completed in a â€Å"coherent system of health, educational, and family support services that promote optimal development for all children. Assessment should be an integral part of a coherent system of early childhood care and education that includes a range of services and resources† (The National Academies of Sciences, 2008). These two principles explain the main purpose of why assessing is important and how assessments should be conducted. After having an understanding of the purpose of assessments, why is it so important to begin evaluations at such a young age? What is the purpose of evaluating infants and toddlers? Author Sue Wortham explains evaluating toddlers and infants determine whether the child is developing normally or if they show any signs of delay and need assistance. All in all, the main purpose of assessment is to benefit the child (Wortham, p. 32). The NAEYC believes that during a child’s early years, evaluating and assessing their development should be the primary focus. They want to study how young children grown and learn. All the â€Å"results of assessment are used to inform the planning and implementation of experiences, to communicate with the child’s family, and to evaluate and improve teachers’ and program’s effectiveness† (Wortham, p. 4). Teachers also use assessment results to in order to plan their curriculum accordingly. So exactly do assessments search for? Assessments look not only for what the child is already capable of doing independently but also what they can do with the help of a teacher or another student (Wortham, p. 35). So how are they assessed exactly? There are many different assessments given to children across the U. S. everyday. These may be administered orally or as written works, such as questionnaires, surveys, or tests. These may include: standardized tests, observations, checklists, rating scales, rubrics, interviews, or portfolios. Each of these serve a different purpose in order to give different pieces of information needed to evaluate the child in question. Standardized tests, though many disagree with them, are meant to measure individual characteristics. Observations, on the other hand, are one of the most effective ways to measure students’ characteristics. When children are young, it can be hard at times to determine if there are any developmental delays (Wortham, p. 39). Developmental checklists, or scopes, are mainly used at all levels of education. These checklists are lists of the learning objectives that have been established by the teacher in order to keep track of their learning and development. Items on a checklist are rated with a negative or positive response from the teacher. Rating scales, unlike checklists, provide measurement on a continuum and are used when a collection of criteria is needed to attain specific information. Another form of assessment teachers commonly use is Rubrics. Rubrics were created to â€Å"evaluate authentic and performance assessments† (Wortham, p. 41). Rubrics, like rating scales, have a range of criteria that must be met. However, unlike rating scales, rubrics can be used to not only determine the quality of performance required, but are also used to assign grades. Rubrics make it easy for students to understand what is expected and is makes it easier for teachers to grade assignments. The final types of assessments that are most frequently used are performance and portfolio assessments. These evaluations might be administered through interviews given directly by the teacher in order to understand the child’s thinking and understanding (Wortham, p. 41). Teachers may present these evaluations through directed assignments, activities, or games. The performance results are typically kept in a student or teacher portfolio. These portfolios contain samples of student’s work and are used as a sort of progress report card. Keeping detailed reports of student’s work in the portfolios help teachers keep track of their student’s progress and help determine which areas of learning are lacking attention (Wortham, p. 41). Overall, according to Wortham, these tests, whether administered to an individual child or a group of students, are meant to determine a student’s â€Å"abilities, achievements, aptitudes, interests, attitudes, values, and personality characteristics† (Wortham, p. 9). Now having an understanding of the different types of assessments used to evaluate students and the purpose, let us turn to the negative and positive effects of these evaluations. It is crucial for educators to administer tests and evaluations carefully, because it they are poorly articulated, it can lead to decisions that are unfair or unclear, and they may do harm to programs, teachers, and, most importantly, children (Snow, C. E. Van Hemel, S. B. , p. 341-342). Evaluations and assessments are not meant to punish a child, and therefore, should never be overseen lightly. It is important that the information gathered outweighs any negative effects. Editors of Early Childhood Assessment: Why, What, and How, Catherine E. Snow and Susan B. Van Hemel, explain that â€Å"although the same measure may be used for more than one purpose, prior consideration of all potential purposes is essential, as is careful analysis of the actual content of the assessment instrument. Direct examination of the assessment items is important because the title of a measure does not always reflect the content† (Snow, C. E. Van Hemel, S. B. , p. 346). So what are some negative effects? Negative consequences of assessment findings may include program de-funding, closing a center, firing a teacher, mislabeling a child, or a reduction in program resources (The National Academies of Sciences, 2008). These effects, such as mislabeling a student, can follow students for the rest of their education career. Once a child is entered into a program, it can be difficult at time for teachers to look past that label. Children all develop at different his or her own pace. No one child will develop and learn the same way as another child. They all grow up and develop at different stages. Yet educational theorists have been able to observed and gather enough information to conclude that children, if divided in age groups, do tend to follow a certain development pattern. The problem is, it is hard to determine which children are the outliers in these results without carefully administering proper assessments. Assessments are not used to necessarily judge student or punish them. Their main purpose is to help students, teachers, and parents. So what are some positive effects of assessment and evaluations? Students that benefit from assessments and evaluations are those that are properly observed and tested. Teachers also benefit from the use of assessments because it helps them create an appropriate curriculum for their students. Evaluating children at a young age can have a positive effect if a delay or disability is in fact found, and because it was caught early, the student has a better chance of exceeding their potential in school. Catching developmental delays or disabilities at a young age is the same as finding cancer at an early stage in the sense that the earlier the cancer is found; the chances of survival are greater. Assessment results are used to plan for instruction, evaluate instructional programs, and report student progress. These are all positive results of assessments. Without the results of assessments and test, how can educators determine what to teach their students? Evaluations, if planned and administered properly, can be more beneficial than harmful. Unfortunately, not all teachers evaluate children fairly or appropriately. So it is important for parents to stay involved in their children’s education in the event that the results of an evaluation do not match the potential of their child. Parents should know the norms and abnormalities of their child’s behavior. Therefore, it is always beneficial to the child for parents and teachers to communicate. This way if a child is acting up in class, and the teacher notifies the parent, the parent may confirm any fears right away by simply saying, â€Å"that isn’t like him† or â€Å"he’s just nervous†. Avoiding drastic measures and not jumping to conclusions is the proper way to evaluate a child fairly. What are the predicted long-term benefits to Early Childhood Assessments? Are assessments and student evaluations accurate? Should teachers be required to assess and evaluate students as much as they already do? These are just a few of the questions that plagued educators for years. Too much assessing has placed so much pressure on students and teachers, inevitably taking away a child’s desire to learn for the sake of learning. The purpose of assessments and evaluations is a great concept, but placing too much pressure and emphasis on the test results is tainting the original purpose of learning.

Metaphors That Justify War :: essays research papers fc

Metaphors that Justify War Truth Uncloaked Do you think we had all the information that was at the President's disposal when he made the decision to deploy our troops in the Gulf? Do you think having that information might have made you feel more comfortable about our involvement? Should our government decide what we get to know and what we don't? By in large, we hear exactly what our government wants us to hear. Knowing this, at no other time paralleled in history, we want the truth; we thirst for it like those traveling through the desert without water and we are tired of being manipulated and deceived by those we elect to serve our interests. However, more often than not, we settle for what is given to us. Our truth is wrapped by the media and promoted as gospel without hesitation or moral reservation. Our acceptance of and reliance upon the media for sensitive, truthful, information brings a sense of security and knowledge of world affairs that satisfies our internal push for social involvement (even if it is at the point of acknowledgment only). We are happy with the knowledge because there is no discernible contradictions and seldom question its relevancy, focus or content. Then later, a contradictory report erupts in the media and we begin to question even what we see. The short footage shown by the media concerning the beating of Rodney King was out of context. Who is responsible for the disparity? The media. They decide what we hear and see. They manipulate to dramatize for the dollar. Gossip, murder, rape, political espionage, treason, drug deals, incest, wife battering, muggings, immoral behavior of all sizes shapes and volumes seem to appeal to human interest and the Networks use it to build their ratings while claiming they proclaim truth for all (double effect). These people and their focus gave us the Gulf War everyday, around the clock. Would it be surprising to know that the media not only reports the news they help facilitate public approval that could justify a war through the use of metaphors alone? The use of metaphors in war and everyday life is common and an important method employed to eventually arrive at a position of approval for military action. Before the use of metaphors is discussed it is necessary to understand specific conditions in which any war is justified. Conditions Necessary to Justify a War Two specific conditions are necessary to justify war. First, direct aggression against the United States, our allies, or those who are unable to protect themselves against direct aggression.

Ane Frank

Graded Assignment Journal: Insight into Anne Answer the following questions in complete sentences as you work on Lessons 1–3. Be sure to turn this assignment in to your teacher when you finish Lesson 3. Remember: You need to complete the assignment by the due date to receive full credit. (12 points) How does the fact that Anne tries to maintain a positive attitude affect the way readers view her? Answer: Despite what is going on in her world, Anne believes it will end someday and somehow. She believes that despite the bad things going on, people are still good at heart. (13 points)How does the fact that Anne sometimes gets depressed and begins to view the world as confining and unhealthy affect the way readers view her? Answer: She's a teenager, plain and simple. One day, she views her world as a safe haven, the next day, she wil be sad because she is longing for her friends and the outside. (12 points) In what ways does Anne's diary help her to overcome some of the negative f eelings and emotions that threaten to overwhelm her sometimes? Answer:Writing was her way of expressing herself because in the situation she was in, she couldn't express her feelings too openly. (13 points)What does Anne’s using the motif of the natural world in her diary tell you about her abilities as a writer? Answer:She's creative and believes that one day she will be free and be able to enjoy her life from where she left off. ———————– |Name: dasha |Date: | |Score | | | |Score | | | |Score | | | |Score | | | |Your Score |___ of 50 |

Destination: Costa Rica Essay

Folks, in just a short while, you will all be going to Switzerland. Yes, you heard me right, Switzerland. If you think you are in the wrong group of tourists, then you are mistaken because you are all going to the Switzerland of Central America, Costa Rica. Indeed Costa Rica has sometimes been likened to Switzerland because of the nation’s â€Å"comfortable lifestyle, peaceful democracy and overwhelming natural beauty† (Firestone et. al 20). Furthermore, Costa Rica is home to over four million Ticos – this is what Costa Ricans call themselves. You can consider yourselves lucky to have the opportunity to get a taste of what Costa Rica offers because this country is known to be the most user-friendly nation in Central America. This means plenty of cheap buses that can take you to the most beautiful tourist spots, several accommodations waiting to make you feel at home, and a multitude of decent eateries and restaurants in most corners of the country. However, since Costa Rica boasts of a higher standard of living compared to its neighboring countries, prices tend to be slightly higher. Yet do not fret, this only means you are certain to experience quality goods and services throughout the country (Firestone et. al 20-22). Moreover, Costa Rica is the third smallest country in Central America, with a land area of 19,730 square miles. It is actually a bit smaller than West Virginia so you can visit all the places in your itinerary in just a short period of time. Furthermore, the country is bounded by Nicaragua in the north, Panama in the south and southeast, the Caribbean Sea in the northeast, and the Pacific Ocean in the west and southwest. It is further defined by three geographical regions, namely, the Pacific lowlands with steep cliffs and narrow white beaches; the central highlands with temperate and populous basins; and the Caribbean lowlands with flat plains and flowing streams. Though this naturally rich country is a tropical one, the best time to visit is in the summer or â€Å"verano† by the end of the year. Nonetheless, if you wish to know what their wet season feels like, then go there in the middle of the year to experience winter or â€Å"invierno. In addition, whether in â€Å"verano† or in â€Å"invierno,† one can never go wrong with Costa Rica’s flora and fauna. Tropical rainforests, tropical dry forests, and coastal vegetations, and various species of amphibian and reptiles, mammals, birds, and insects (Foley & Cooke, 7-17) – these just depict the beauty and richness nature blessed Costa Rica with. Looking back in time, the Spanish were the first to be captivated by t his richness. In fact, they optimistically referred to the country as the â€Å"Rich Coast† when they began settling in the region in 1522, thinking that it holds several gold and other mineral reserves. Yet they only found little and so they shifted to agriculture. Moreover, together with other provinces in Central America, Costa Rica declared independence from Spain in 1821, after almost three centuries of ruling. These newly-independent provinces formed an alliance. Because of border disputes though, the federation failed to thrive so Costa Rica withdrew and declared its sovereignty in 1838. The years that followed were smooth-sailing with a peaceful democracy beginning in 1899. This positive development persists up to this very day with only two notable disruptions – one in 1917-19 when Federico Tinoco governed with dictatorship and the other in 1948 when Jose Figueres led an armed uprising following a doubtful presidential election (US Department of State). Hence, Costa Rica has since been peaceful, not to mention, progressive. A close look at its economy would reveal that it has enjoyed a stable economic growth before the global economic crisis. Instrumental to this growth are the country’s export commodities such as coffee, sugar, and beef as well as the widening trade of industrial and specialized agricultural products. Moreover, Costa Rica has kept its 15 to 20 percent poverty rate for almost 20 years. In addition, foreign investors are attracted to enter the country because of its political stability, high quality of education, and fiscal incentives. Needless to say, tourists like you, who are attracted to the rich biodiversity of the country, contribute greatly to the economy as ecotourism continues to develop and strengthen (Central Intelligence Agency). This ecotourism of Costa Rica is in fact one of the country’s fastest improving sector (Tourist Spots Organization). In fact, the government has signed various trade agreements with other countries. Who knows, this trip of yours may be a product of one of those agreements. So once you land in Costa Rica, either through the international airport Juan Santamaria in San Jose or the Daniel Oduber in Liberia (Costa Rica Tourism), your first instinct would be to go directly to that tourist spot of your choice. Well in this case Costa Rica has plenty, from national parks to mountains and volcanoes, from beaches to cultural sites – Costa Rica has these options and more that would suit various tastes. For those who want to head out straight to the waters, Cocos Island and Puerto Viejo Beach are just two options. A choice of water sports such as kayaking, surfing, and scuba diving as well as rich marine life await visitors in these top spots. For those who wish to witness the natural wonder of the country at its best, try Tortuguero National Park and Tenorio Volcano National Park. For the nature lovers, a trip to Poas Volcano to see the two crater lakes may be an option. For the adventurous ones, rock climbing and hiking in Chirripo Mountain may be the perfect activities. For the animal lovers, Monteverde Reserve, which houses the extinct gold toad as well as squirrels, wild pigs, and porcupines, may just be the right place. For those who want to see two attractive spots in one location, the Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, which comprises of the Junquillal Bay Wildlife Refuge and the Rincon de la Vieja National Park, may be the best spot. For those who wish to spend a quiet time in the city, the Teatro Nacional de Costa Rica may offer the peace you long for (Tourist Spots Organization). However, in visiting these marvelous tourist spots, it is important that you get to know Ticos in order to deal with them well. For one, they opt to think small, go slow, and avoid risks, anxiety, and overwork. They also put high value to their families and tend to give them favored treatments. They likewise have a strong belief on equality than most Latin Americans and further hold a strong sense of personal honor and dignity regardless of their social status. Hence, it is very important to note that you need to avoid embarrassing another person especially in public. Moreover in decision-making, a consensus is more likely to happen, which sometimes slows down the process. Hence, showing of impatient attitude is discouraged and lowers credibility. Furthermore, as time and deadlines may be flexible, be tolerant and understanding of delays and put in mind that courtesy and enjoyment are more important than time. Remember to address Ticos properly with Mr. /Senor, Mrs. Senora, or Miss/Senorita plus the last name. Also, avoid resting your feet on any furniture but footstools. Finally, when you decide to head out to the beach, shorts for men will do while too much revealing clothes for women will not (qtd. in Tacey, 1-3). With these, I hope you now have a clear picture of what your tour to the Switzerland of Central America will be like; yet no lecture or discussion of the place would surpass the real thing. So make the most out of what Costa Ri ca can offer and be sure to enjoy.

Impact Of Terrorist Activities On Tourist Areas Tourism Essays

Impact Of Terrorist Activities On Tourist Areas Tourism Essays Impact Of Terrorist Activities On Tourist Areas Tourism Essay Impact Of Terrorist Activities On Tourist Areas Tourism Essay Introduction TUI served more than 18 million clients in twelvemonth 2005 and is the largest group in regard of size, employee figure and operating net income. With the focal point of going European leader TUI started a series of acquisitions.TUI has more than 200 good established trade names like first pick, Thomson, Nouvelles Frontiere, Jet air and many others. TUI is besides the Europe s largest vacation hotelkeeper with a concatenation of monolithic 285 plus hotels. It held 75 circuit operators in 18 states with a strong clasp in transporting concern every bit good ( Refer instance survey ) . TUI has added advantage as they are really good able to pull off their air hose and hotel capacities. The company central office are in Crawley, UK.TUI now employees 50,000 people runing across 6 continents. With the amalgamation of TUI group and the UK travel group First pick vacations PLC TUI travel was formed in twelvemonth 2007. This study focuses on environmental analyses of the touristry industry, a nalyses the grounds for TUI being the European leader in travel A ; touristry industry with analyzing the impact of altering concern environment on the hereafter of TUI. Finally it analyses the assorted utilizations and restrictions of the tools used. PESTEL ANALYSIS ( Refer appendix 3 ) Political analysis Terrorist activities on tourer countries decidedly impact the economic system of a state. Tourism industry is considered to be universe s largest employer. The investing from outside is affected if there are perennial onslaughts. Tighter in-migration Torahs emerged as a consequence of increasing degrees of terrorist act globally. Political instability lowers the assurance of people sing that state like in instance of Zimbabwe and Pakistan ( Hindu, 2002 ) . Due to free trade policies the authorities intercessions has decreased which in bend suppressed the unreal monetary values promoting travel and touristry. Government plans in UK ( during 2003 ) indicates a strategic model for development of airdrome capacity therefore in bend encouraging travel. Economic analysis International touristry experienced a downswing during twelvemonth 2003 with 697 million international tourer reachings compared to 709 million in 2002 due to eroding of concern in the wake of September 11 ( tui-group, 2009 ) . With low disposable income during the economic meltdown, people now tend to cut down their traveling disbursals by curtailing their circuit to shorter finishs. The premium for insurance has shown a leap of 500 % to 1000 % because station 9/11 onslaughts people try to extinguish the component of hazard which added to cost of pull offing concern. There is an addition in the degree of touristry from emerging economic systems like China and India. With the reaching of big figure of low cost air hoses it is indispensable for TUI to keep a competitory cost construction as their profitableness could diminish. Socio-cultural analysis Harmonizing to recent survey, it is acquiring more expensive to vacation abroad. Peoples in Britain due to tighter pockets prefer to vacation at place. Changing attitudes of people towards wellness and safety resulted in Southwest air hoses anchoring its 44 aircrafts ( CNN, 2008 ) . European ordinances allow its citizen to go without the demand of any extra travel paperss ( visa ) when they are going within Europe, EU citizens do nt necessitate to undergo any particular formalities. This surely helped in growing of touristry within Europe. In recent old ages advance engagement of vacations is diminishing. Peoples now prefer to book shortly before the travel clip. Even participants like TUI are limited in pull offing capacity to last infinitesimal displacements in buying forms of consumer ensuing in decreased net income borders. Technological analysis Home-entertainment systems are going slightly a replacement for touristry. New technological inventions like videogames and cyberspace provides enjoyment in comfort of place. Internet resulted in heavy losingss to go bureaus because of direct engagement via online. Now clients can easy compare costs of each constituent of their vacation utilizing the cyberspace seting extra monetary value force per unit area ( Refer appendix 7 ) . Internet on the one manus resulted in the ruin of travel bureaus it encouraged new market participants like lastminutetickets.com and assorted others ( German travel industry, 2008 ) . Environmental analysis The environment is non able to get by with extra use of resources. Natural catastrophes like inundations are direct cause of dirt eroding and assorted other factors. The clime protection is a topic of high precedence these yearss in the touristry industry. Global warming due to shriveling natural resources and extra waste are some other countries of immediate concerns. All touristry companies are puting criterions in conformity with the altering environmental issues to increase the degree of touristry. Natural catastrophe like tsunami in the Indian Ocean resulted in immense losingss to Asiatic touristry industry and diseases like SARS and Swine grippe consequences in falling degrees of touristry in accomplished states. Legal analysis The civil air power organic structures in each state develop and supervise the safety criterions. Now safety is seen as a mean of deriving competitory advantage. Environmental ordinances are besides imposed which include cutting noise and C02 emanation degrees. With these criterions in topographic point people consider aircrafts a safe manner to go. Tourism concern cost can significantly lift if authorities issues new ordinances to wellness and safety or environment. These ordinances limit the operational efficiency of a company. Uses of PESTEL 1: Used to look at the chief scenarios impacting the scheme. 2: Informed and right determinations can be taken for future with the designation of cardinal scenarios in the present. 3: PESTEL ensures that a company s public presentation is positively aligned with the powerful forces of alteration ( Byars L ; 1992 ) . 4: It helps to rapidly accommodate to the altering concern environment. 5: This analysis is utile in understanding the market growing or diminution, concern place and way for TUI ( Kotler, P. , 1990 ) . Restrictions to PESTEL 1: The variables in this theoretical account are extremely bad so analysis of yesteryear may non be the indicant for future, in instance of TUI there is a demand to carry on separate analysis in order to place deductions of altering environment. 2: The degree of uncertainness is really hard to place. 3: There are limitless macro economic factors and analyzing all of them is really hard practically. 4: Predictions are used in this analysis so it may or may non be accurate. PORTER S FIVE FORCES ( Refer appendix 4 ) The menace of new entrants for TUI is low. It had a strong base of 18 million clients and a turnover of a‚Â ¬ 14 billion in 2005. TUI acquired already established participants, in twelvemonth 2005 it had 25 % interest in Thomas cook which is one of the oldest in touristry industry runing since 1800 s. Recent promotion in telecommunication and place amusement system are non a strong replacement so the menace of replacements is low. TUI owned more than 100 aircrafts which consequences in backward integrating. They are the circuit operators with a large ball of market portion. As these two concern units ( air hose ownership and tour operations ) are complimentary to each other they give rise to synergy ( Ensign, 1998 ) . Because of its place in the European market TUI has several options in footings of providers ensuing in low dickering power of providers. Buyer has low exchanging cost but for warrant of satisfaction purchaser has to trust on cardinal participants in the market. The touristry is a turning market and TUI is an constituted trade name with a big figure of loyal clients. A company can better its strategic position by happening providers or purchasers who possess the least power to act upon it adversely ( Kelly, 2008 ) . Its chief rivals were Thomas Cook, MyTravel, etc. There is a moderate degree of competitory competition. TUI s touristry division operates at all chief phases of touristry value concatenation and are bettering their place in the market. TUI can lose clients or can see low net income borders due to increasing competition in turning touristry industry. TUI s rivals give advantage of ego made bundles in which the clients themselves can take each constituent of their vacation. Tourism is a turning industry with WTO calculating 1 billion tourer reachings by 2010 ( Refer instance survey ) . In a turning industry if an administration wants growing it does so by anticipating its ain growing through promotion in market topographic point ( Johnson et al. , 2005 ) . Uses of Porters Five Force Analysiss 1: It helps to analyze the kineticss of industries or sector. 2: It helps to analyze the profitableness of the industry as a whole. The high degree of these forces denotes that industry is extremely competitory and may non be attractive to vie in every bit hyper competition might predominate in the industry. Restrictions of Porters Five Force Analysiss 1: It is rather a helpful tool in placing industry construction but it assumes market construction to be comparatively inactive and is non able to integrate dynamism of the industries. Hyper competition might be reduced with the acquisition of rival and that will assist to increase power over the purchasers and providers. 2: The single analysis of different sections of industry can be of much aid compared to the industry as a whole, as TUI operates in different sectors analyzing each of the sectors of the industry can supply utile consequences. 3: Industry construction is affected by convergence. 4: It does non take into consideration the menace of complementary merchandises which can be offered with the chief merchandise for which clients are prepared to pay more. 5: The human resource facet of scheme is neglected in five forces theoretical account, it does non see civilization and direction accomplishments. 6: Analyzing a complex industry construction gets really tough as five forces model is best suited and applicable for simple market constructions. 7: Five forces model focal point on the external competitory environment and do non look inside the company s internal environment. In contrast to this resource base position high spots that there should be a tantrum between the two environments. Strategic capablenesss and competitory advantage Competitive advantage is accomplishable if an administration has capablenesss that no other can copy ( Johnson et al.,2008 ) .TUI offers differentiated merchandises that no other participant can fit, in add-on to that these merchandises are tailored to include extra installations ( TUI Travel, 2008 ) . Their effectual distribution channel and direct merchandising increase their net income borders. They provide clients with direct entree and by bettering the experience of engagement, their travel clip and after gross revenues service they strengthen their client trueness and keeping. Competitive advantage is created and sustained when a company has alone capablenesss. TUI s circuit operators determine their flight capacity supplying premium border. They manage their capacity in conformity to altering environment. They provide clients with lower monetary values and extra merchandise characteristics. Making certain that needed attending is paid to accomplishing and bettering the cost ef ficiency is an of import strategic capableness. Effective direction of cost can assist accomplishing competitory advantage. The chief cost drivers in instance of TUI that determines cost efficiency are discussed these drivers help them to achieve cost leading.1 ) TUI is the taking European circuit operator ( Refer appendix 1 ) and enjoys the assorted advantages of economic systems of scale.2 ) Their operations in broad geographical locations helps to cut down supplier cost and with backward integrating they further lower down cost incurred. In add-on to this by doing direct gross revenues ( 75 % ) they cut down their disbursals.3 ) their cost place is influenced by their ability to understand what their clients want. Differentiated merchandises generate 46 % of their mainstream circuit operator turnover. 4 ) They acquired experient participants and have all the cognition to help them to accomplish cost efficiency ( Johnson et al. , 2008 ) . TUI s competitory range is really wide and attains competitory advantage through overall cost leading. Their strong base of loyal clients indicates that they maintain their place as European touristry industry leaders. Using the benefits of decreased providers cost they give their merchandise the advantage of lower monetary value compared to any of its rivals ( Refer appendix 6 ) . Resources Competence Capabilities for competitory advantage Unique Resources Differentiated Product offering. Power Brands. Effective distribution channels. Core Competences Ability to pull off capacity. Backward Integration. Economies of graduated table. TUI s VALUE CHAIN ( Refer Appendix 5 ) TUI created their ain providers ( ex air hoses, hotels ) cutting the intermediates in the supply concatenation, it helped TUI to distribute across the value concatenation. With backward integrating they cut provider cost and provided the client with same merchandise at a cheaper monetary value therefore achieving cost leading. TUI s touristry division map division operates at all chief phases of a touristry value concatenation, whether it be retail gross revenues of merchandise through travel bureaus, air transit or be it hotels. There to the full incorporate concern theoretical account provide the advantage to consumer runing from broad assortment of all inclusive travel bundle to single merchandises like flight merely or adjustment merely. Strengths: TUI strengths gave them added advantage every bit compared to their rivals. They obtain competitory advantage through there scheme of cost leading. They have all the resources and experience to prolong the competitory advantage. TUI has good established and effectual distribution channels. Peoples can choose for either booking through their renowned travel bureaus or through cyberspace or call Centres. TUI adopted several steps to better their client service. They on a regular basis conduct studies to better their trade name portfolio. TUI operates in two cardinal sections i.e. mainstream which includes sale of differentiated merchandises and other is their specializer constituent which include engagements of flights, autos etc. TUI offers a broad scope of differentiated merchandises that no other participant in the industry can fit. The differentiated merchandises provided them with added competitory advantage and with earlier engagements they generate premium borders. TUI acquired already established participants so it helped them to derive better experience. Economies of scale benefit for TUI. Backward integrating in instance of TUI resulted in decrease of provider cost. Failings TUI does non supply ample inexpensive adjustments as bulk of the hotels they own are luxury hotels. So there is a tough competition from the inexpensive hotel providers to TUI. TUI should see of possessing more of the budget hotels. TUI 900 million lb of stockholder loan is a major drawback ( Financial Times, 2009 ) . Likely deductions of altering concern environment TUI is the largest participant in the European market. TUI can come in into hedges against the fluctuations in the fuel monetary values. If TUI gets into understanding to pay a stable monetary value it can endure losingss in the hereafter as oil monetary values may travel down. The fuel monetary values are capable to political and economical factors that are beyond the control of TUI. TUI doubled their fuel surcharge in 2008 ; higher surcharge may ensue in clients traveling for its rivals offering inexpensive trades ( Guardian, 2008 ) . No state is safe from the menace of a terrorist onslaught. Terrorism is coercing many states to follow stricter and tighter in-migration Torahs. Now a visa applier has to undergo rigorous cheques before being granted the needed permission. The degree of terrorist act is on rise in emerging economic systems like India, the onslaught on Mumbai province received world-wide attending. TUI buys capacity on both long and short term contracts. The contacts require TUI to purchase a certain sum of capacity each twelvemonth. These contracts allow TUI to switch some capacity back to hotels and air hoses. Any terrorist incident with TUI can ensue in people developing perceptual experience of TUI as less safe or dependable than its rivals. TUI needs to regularly supervise the preventative steps they have applied to undertake the menace of any terrorist activity, this may take to breaks in normal concern finally taking to loss. With competition acquiring tougher everyone is seeking to last. There is a demand for low cost circuit bundles which is good for big participants as they normally exploit the benefit of economic systems of graduated table. TUI can tackle this market as there is no other rival with such big market portion. TUI s ain providers help to cut down overall cost of the merchandise they offer. With any economic downswings in the hereafter there can be a important bead in travel and touristry. Decrease in gross revenues and decrease in the engagements came as a direct consequence of economic lag ( SkyNews, 2009 ) . The hotel concatenation of TUI needs to regularly update their license understandings. A touristry company has to stay with broad scope of wellness A ; safety and environmental ordinances in each phase of its concern. The aircraft noise has to be in allowable bounds, they besides have to cut down their C emanation degrees. New environmental or wellness A ; safety ordinances may increase the costs of TUI significantly The cardinal drivers of alteration can impact how TUI operates conducts its normal concern activities ensuing in deduction of altering schemes with the demands of the current market. Opportunities The client demands are altering ; TUI provides flexible travel experience with a broad scope of differentiated merchandises. Introducing into new European markets some specialist trade names aiming activity and specializer sector. They are bring forthing premium borders with early engagements and flexibleness in aircraft and adjustment contracts. The operating net income can be farther increased via provider and 3rd party distributer funded price reductions and capacity direction across the portfolio. Expanding the group and making value through acquisition. Strengthening place in emerging markets like Russia. Menaces Economic conditions-Recession Restrictive capacity direction in all beginnings of market-Losses They own really few budget hotels. Most of the hotels they own autumn in luxury class. Lower occupation security, increased clip spent in instruction implies that there are longer period of low income for clients relative to the outgo. With merely 44.8 % German travelers with net income less than euro 1000 traveling for a vacation of 5 yearss or more ( German travel industry, 2008 ) . Changing demands of the client. Terrorism Fluctuating oil monetary values Impact of altering concern environment on TUI s hereafter Swot: -Uses An administration can back up its hereafter programs related to strategic development efficaciously after analyzing the mentioned factors ( SWOT ) . It addresses the cardinal issue by assisting to place the relevant information. A complex state of affairs is easy analysed utilizing this theoretical account. Swot: Restrictions The degree of importance is non clearly understood out of the assorted factors identified utilizing the SWOT analysis. It merely provides the overview of the topic but does non supply aid to acquire any inside informations. Using this analysis we can value the competency of an administration, but it is non understood. Categorizing some facet as strengths, failing, chances or menaces is to some extent subjective as they may non ever suit into that class. Ansoff s Matrix ( Refer appendix 8 ) . Sellers with the usage of Ansoff matrix consider ways of spread outing their concern chances via bing or new merchandises into bing or new markets. TUI has a considerable portion in touristry industry. It has penetrated profoundly in to go and tourism market with its operations in all chief parts of touristry value concatenation. With its cost leading advantage it offers low cost options to its clients beef uping its client trueness and keeping. To set with the altering demands of the touristry industry TUI started selling single travel constituents like flight merely or adjustment merely option. TUI s rivals started offering these markets in the early 2000 s giving a new merchandise to the market ( Johnson et al. , 2005 ) . TUI ever looks forward to spread out its concern by capturing new markets. It entered in to one of the emerging economic systems India in 2005. Uses and Restrictions of Ansoff s Matrix Uses: Along with other theoretical accounts like grind, pestle etc. Ansoff can be used for puting aims for a company Restrictions: Can non be used in isolation as it can supply the complete strategic scenario. Does non supply overview of selling options available. Decision: TUI is the European leader in touristry and travel industry. Environmental analysis of touristry industry as a whole highlighted several factors which are indispensable for TUI for puting future aims. TUI s chief advantage lies in cost leading which it attains by runing at all phases of touristry value concatenation, which is slightly hard for its rivals to copy. The altering concern environment can raise some issues and these cardinal drivers of alteration are discussed with its deductions on the hereafter of TUI. Mentions Byars, L. ( 1991 ) , Strategic Management: Formulation and Implementation, 3rd ed. , New York: Harper Collins Ensign, P ( 1998 ) , Interrelationships and Horizontal Strategy to Achieve Strategy and Competitive Advantage in the Diversified Firm , Management Decisions, Vol. 36, Issue. 10, pp. 657-668. Fiscal Times. ( 2009, September ) . TUI takes stairss to refinance loans. Retrieved november 02, 2009, from www.ft.com: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ft.com/cms/s/0/258da2ca-acd0-11de-91dc-00144feabdc0.html German travel industry. ( 2008 ) . Retrieved november 01, 2009, from www.fvw-mediengruppe.de: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fvw-mediengruppe.de/files/Marketing_Presentation_FVW_Mediengruppe.pdf Guardian. ( 2008, June 8 ) . who will last the storm. Retrieved November 2, 2009, from www.guardian.co.uk: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.guardian.co.uk/travel/2008/jun/08/flights.travelnews Hindu, T. ( 2002, february 01 ) . The Hindoo: political instability has hit Pakistan s economic system: WTO. Retrieved november 2, 2009, from thehindu: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.thehindu.com/2002/02/01/stories/2002020103361000.htm Johnson, G. , Scholes, K. A ; Whittington, R. ( 2008 ) , Researching Corporate Strategy, 8th ed. , FT Prentice Hall. Johnson, G. , Scholes, A ; Whittington, R. ( 2005 ) , Researching Corporate Strategy, 7th ed. , FT Prentice Hall. Kelly, Phil, ( 2008 ) International Business And Management Custom Edition, South-Western Cenage Learning. Kotler, P. ( 1990 ) , Selling: An Introduction, 2nd ed. , Prentice Hall Lynch, Richard ( 1997 ) , Corporate scheme ,1st Edition, Financial Times Pitman Printing Porter, M. E. ( 1985 ) . Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. The Free Imperativeness SkyNews. ( 2009, May 11 ) . TUI travel foremost one-fourth consequences. Retrieved 10 28, 2009, from www.news.sky.com: hypertext transfer protocol: //news.sky.com/skynews/Home/Business/Tui-Travel-First-Quarter-Results-Demand-For-Long-Haul-Flights-Up-Despite-Swine-Flu-But-Sales-Down/Article/200905215279320? f=rss Thompson, John L. ( 1997 ) , Strategic Management: Awareness and Change , 3rd Edition, International Thompson Publishing Company TUI Travel, P. ( 2008 ) . scheme and jussive moods. Retrieved november 2, 2009, from TUI Travel PLC: hypertext transfer protocol: //ara2008.tuitravelplc.com/tui-ar2008/pages/ourbusiness/strategy Appendix: -2 Tourism group Turnover ( one million millions of euro ) TUI 13.1 Thomas cook 7.5 My travel 4.9 Rewe 4.2 First pick 3.5 Kuoni 2.3 Club med 1.6 Alltours 1.3 Hotelplan 1.2 Appendix: 3 POLITICAL Terrorism or menace of terrorist act Political instability Tax policies Expansion of airdrome capacity ECONOMIC Recession High Insurance cost Tourism from emerging economic systems Excess capacity Increased competition-low cost air hoses etc. Oil monetary values SOCIO-CULTURAL Changing attitudes for wellness A ; safety Free motion Tourism is considered as necessity Consumer behaviour-late engagements. TECHNOLOGICAL Home-entertainment Engendering new concerns Internet-modular bundles ENVIRONMENTAL Global heating Health crisis Natural catastrophe LEGAL Airline safety ordinances Environmental and wellness and safety ordinances Appendix: -4 Porter s five forces model High Barrier to entry High Capital demand High economic systems of graduated table of established participants Established distribution channel Experience of established participants Brand distinction Low Bargaining Power for Suppliers Backward integrating Large figure of providers Moderate Bargaining Power for Buyer Low shift cost No distinction on the service Moderate Competitive competition Growth market Differentiation High fixed cost Low Menaces of Substitutes No presence of any strong replacement Appendix: -5 VALUE CHAIN APPENDIX 6 Appendix 7